Apparatus for pumping air and gases.



w: Ino APPARATUS FOR PUMPING AIR AND GASES.

APPLICATION PILBD Nov. 28, 1905.

899,820. Patented Sept. 29, 1908.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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W. G. ABBOTT, In. APPARATUS ran PUMPING AIR AND GASES.

, Arm-10mm; rnnn Nov. 28, 1905. 899,820.

Patented Sept. 29, 1908.

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mrnssss; INVENTOR EQW 1 mataw zza W. G. ABBOTT, In. H APPARATUS FORPUMPING AIR AND GASES. APPLIbATION FILED NOV. 2a, was. 899,820. n edept. 29, 1908.

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I TTDHNEVI UNITED STATES PATENT onnron WILLIAM G. ABBOTT, JR.,VOFPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

APPARATUS FOR PUMPING AIR AND GASES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 29, 1908'.

I Application filed November 28, 1905. Serial No. 289,408.

of apparatus for pumping air and gases, in

whic a gaseous fluid, in any uantlty, may be compressed to any desiredpressure by connecting the ap aratus to a rime mover, the speed of whicmay great y vary, and my invention relates especially to theconstruction of a pumping apparatus which may be coupled directly to ahigh speed prime mover, and which may be adapted for many purposes, as,for instance, for accumulating and storing an or gas'under pressure, forpurifying and compressing gas produced at illuminating plants, forcompressing'air and gas mixture for constant pressure gas engines orturbines, or for removing the back pressure of an internal combustionengine or turbine by maintaining a partial vacuum intowhich the wastegases are exhausted.

One object of my invention-is to dispense with all reciprocating artsand with all valves, such-as are'usual yfound in pumping apparatus, andto employ a return circulating fluid to accumulate or pump the air orgas to be handled.

A further object of my invention is to construct an apparatus in whichthe efficiency is nearly constant, irres ective of the pressure or thequantity 0 air and gas being handled.

A further object of my invention is to effectively separate the air orgas from the carrying or pumpin fluid.

A further object o my invention isto produce a pumping apparatus whichis simple, easily constructed, and capable of working economicall undervarying conditions.

For a 11 clear and exact description of' my invention reference may be.had to the accompalnfying-drawin s, forming a partflof this spec'cation,-in W ich Figure 1 illustrates one form of my invention asapplied for the purpose of accumulating and storing air or any othergaseous fluid, under pressure, or as a suctlon pump for producing apartialvacuum, Figs. 2,3v and 4 show different modified forms of myinvention Fig. 5 is a sectional view of Fig. 4 taken on the hue 55 ofFig. 4; Fig. 6 1s a view showin my improved pumping apparatus as a piedto a constant pressure nternal com ustion turbine; and Fig. 7 is asectional View of Fig. 6 taken on the line 7-7 of Fig. 6.

'Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, 1 indicates a well known t pe ofcentrifugal or turbine pump provide with a suitable driving pulley 1mounted on a driving shaft 1; 2 a tank in which a pro-determinedquantity of water or other suitable liquid 3 is maintained; 4 a pipeleading from the bottom of the tank 2 to the inlet of said pump 1; and 5an injector chamber secured to one side of tank 2, said chambercommunicating with the tank through the nozzle 6, and with the'discharge of the pump 1 through the pipe or conduit 7 Entering theinjector chamber 5, through a gland or stufling box 8, in axial.alinement with the nozzle 6 is the air or gas supply pipe 9. 10-indicates a pipe leading from an o ening 10' in the top Q the tank 2,through w ich the air or gas which has been pumped through the nozzle 6may be conducted to any desired place. The 0 eration of this form of myapparatus is as f0 lows The ump 1 being set in motion from any suita lesource of power. su ply, water is delivered under'pressure to t einjector chamber 5, and discharging through the pumping chamber 6 intothe tank 2, carries with it the air or gas drawn into the nozzle 6',through the air or gas supply ipe 9. Upon emerging from the nozzle 6, te gas rises above the level of the liquid in the tank. When thisapparatus is used for compressing air or gas, t e gas is allowed toaccumulate between the level of the water and the top of the tank, andis drawn ofi as desired through the discharge pipe 10. In this case boththe supply and discharge ends of the. pump being connected to the tank,the pressure in the tank has no resistance to the circulation of} thefluid through the pipes 4 and 7, and conse-- qliliently all the workwhich is erformed by t e pum is" that of forcing the ubbles of airdelivere .from the air or gas supply pipe 9 through the nozzle 6 againstthe pressure of the tank, and that of overcoming the friction of thecirculating water with the sides of the.

conduits [plus the friction of the pump. When use p as a suctionpump,,the gas delive ered from thenozzle be allowed to-espi e 9. l n themodification shown in Fig. 2, the nozzle 6 is provided with spiral]arranged ribs or vanes 11 and with walls w ich taper in the direction ofits length, so that the diameter of the nozzle constantly increasestoward the discharge end thereof. Secured in any suitable manner, and inaxial alinement with the discharge end of the nozzle is a bell shapedseparator 12 connected through the pipe 130 and coupling 133 with the pie 13 passing through'the opening 132 in tile top of said tank. The pipe13 may act as a discharge pi e for the compressed gas in which case t ecoupling 133 may be a fourway coupling as shown in Fig. 2, the pluggedpipe 134 acting to hold the separator 12 rigidly in position While thelower openings 135 of the cou ling permits whatever liquid is driveninto t e pipe 130 to be returned to the tank. The operation of thismodification is similar to the operation of the structure shown in Fig.1, except that the carrying fluid intraversing the nozzle 6 has impartedto it a whirling motion around the inside of said nozzle in addition toits longitudinal motion due to the velocity of the liquid issuing fromthe injector chamber. By this arrangement the li uid will be kept incontact with the sides 0? the nozzle 6 by the centrifugal force impartedto it by the whirling effect of the vanes 1 1, and since the diameter ofthe nozzle at the discharge end thereof is greater than it is adjacentthe injector chamber, the compressed gas will accumulate around the axisof said nozzle, from which it may be drawn off through the pipe 13,while the water issuing from the discharge end of said nozzle will bedeflected by the se arator 12 and delivered to the tank. If the evel ofthe water in the tank should fall below the nozzle 6, the water, issuingfrom the discharge end of said nozzle will practically seal the spacebetween the inner end of the deflector and the inner end of the nozzle,and

the compressed gas may still be conducted away through the pipe 13. Itis evident, however, that some of the gas must necessarily be carried inthe form of small bubbles with the water deflected by the separator 12,and willaccumulate in the to of the tank, fr om which it may be drawn 0%through the p1 e 10.

n Fig. 3, I have dispensed entirely with astorage tank and have madeprovision for removing the compressed air accumulated at the center ofthe nozzle 6. In this case the pipe 130 is madeof the size of the airchamer formed in the nozzle 6 and the dischar e end of the said nozzleis connected direct y by a curved U shaped pipe 14 with the su ply pipe4 of the pump or turbine 1. T e

gas mixture, communicates throu h the pipe pipe 130 may be connected tothe upright pipe 13 and the liquid carried over into the pipe 130,returned through pipe 136 to the tu e 4 to which it is connectedtogether in the manner shown in Fig. 3. The advantage of this form of myinvention resides in the fact that the momentum of the water is not lostby discharge into a tank from which it may be drawn to the pump, as isthe case in Figs. 1 and 2,.but a constant volume of water is rept movingat constantly the same velocity throughout the cycle.

In Figs. 4 and 5, I have arranged the injector chamber 1.5 above thestorage tank 2, and have located the nozzles 6 in the partition 5between the tank and the injector chamber. I have also provideddeflectors 12 adjacent the discharge end of said nozzles for the purpose of enabling the bubbles of air to more readily escape from thewater projected into the tank. As indicated in Big. 5, I may have aseries of inlet pipes 9 passing through the glands 8 on the top of theinjector chamber 5 and in axial ahnement with the nozzles 6". The air orgas which has been umped through the nozzle 6 is. delivered rom the tank2 through the opening 10 to the conduit 10.

In Fig. 6, I have shown a gas turbine 16, provided with two forms of myimproved pumping apparatus, one of which A is adapted to compress an airand gas mixture and supply it to the turbine 16, while the other B, isused to remove the back pressure from the exhaust of the turbine bymaintaining a partial vaouum within the supply pipe 9".

he injector chamber 5 of the pump A is connected with the centrifugalpump 1 by means of one branch 7 of theYdischarge ipe 7, while thechamber 5 of the pump l; is connected with the other branch 7 of thedischarge pipe 7. I have shown the pump A v as of the type illustratedin Fig. 1, and the pump B of the form shown in' Fig. 2. The dischargeopening 10 from the top of the compartment, in compressing the air and10 with the supply port 17 of tie tur inc 16. In the pump B, the gassupply ipe 9" is connected with the exhaust ort of t 10 turbine anddischarges throu h t 1e chamber 5 and nozzle 6 into the tan 2 and pi e13 In Fig. 7, I have shown a section 0 a duplex tank which may be usedin connection with the structure disclosed in Fi 6, although, of course,each pump A an B may be connected to an independent tank. The partition19 extends to a point near the bottom of the tank and one return pipe 4Wlll suffice to return the water from both chambers 2 and 2 In ordertokeep the water in each chamber at the proper level, I provide thechamber 2? with a pop valve 20 set to a pressure greater or less thanthat to be maintained in the compression tank 2. The

opleration of this modification is as follows T e pump 1 directly couled to the shaft of the turbine 16, draws tie li uid from the 16. Theexhaust gases are delivered through the exhaust port 18, and the pipe 9to the injector chamber 5 and are carried by the water, or carryingfluid, into the nozzle 6*, where it is separated from the water, orcarrying fluid, by'means of vanes 11*, which give the fluid the rotarymotion explained in connection with Fig. 2. Through the pipe 13", theseexhaust gases are conveyed to any desired point.

As was ex lained in connection with Fig. 2, there will be anaccumulation of some gas in the to of the chamber 2', and this isdesirable, or otherwise there might be considerable difficultyin keepingthe water, or carryin fluid,- in thetwo chambers at the proper evels.The pop valve 20, however, when set-to the pressure to be maintained inthe chamber 2 and connected with the chamber 2 will permittheaccumulated gas in the chambers 2 to balance the pressure of the as inthe chamber 2, whereby the level of t e water, or carrying fluid, in thetwo chambers may be maintalned approximately the same. If the pop valve20 is set at a greater or lesser pressure than the pressure to bemaintained in the compression I chamber, the water may be held atpredetermined levels in the different chambers.

My umping apparatus, as arranged and applie to a constant ressure gasengine or turbine, using a gas and steam mixture, forms a very effectivecompressor for these types of motors, since the circulatingwater, whichis heated by the com ressing of the air and since the steam contained inthexexhaust gases from such motors is almost immediately condensed bythe water circulating in the umping chamber and greatly assists inreucing and maintaining a lowback pressure on the motor. It has hithertobeen impossible to couple a gas compressor directly to the shaft of a'gh speed motor, but my device is especially adapted for this purpose,and is, moreover, sim 1e and efficient.

y apparatus is capable of being put to a large variety of uses underdifferent conditions, without substantial change or modification.

Having thus described my invention, what i I claim and desire to protectby Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In apumping apparatus, thecombination with an in ector provided with a nozzle, of a li uid, andmeans connected with bothends 0' said nozzle for circulating said liquidtherethrough, means for admitting a gaseous fluid tosaid injector, andflaring means for se arating from said liquidthe gaseous fluid de iveredfrom said nozzle.

2. In a pumping apparatus, the combination of an injector, means forcirculating a fixed quantity of liquid through said injector, means forimparting a whirling motion to the liquid as it passes through saidinjector, means for supplying a gaseous fluid to said injector and meansfor carrying away the gaseous fluid delivered from said 1nj ector.

3. In a pumping apparatus, the combination of a storage tan an injectoradjacent said tank, a nozzle extending into said tank and provided withspirally arranged ribs, a liquid and means for drawing said liquid fromsaid tank, and returning the same thereto through said injector.

4. In a pumping apparatus, the combination with a storage tan aninjector provided with a nozzle adjacent said tank, a liquid, means fordrawing the liquid from said tank and returning the same thereto throughsaid injector and means for imparting to the liquid a whirlin motion asit traverses said pumping cham er.

5. In a pumping apparatus, the combination with a tank, of an injectorchamber adjacent said tank, a nozzle extending into said tank, a liquid,means for drawing said liquid from said tank and returning the samethereto throu h said injector and means for imparting to t .e liquid inthe pumping chamher a motion of rotation.

f '6. In a pumping apparatus, the combination with a storage tan beradjacent said tank, provided with a nozzle, a gas inlet pipe passingthrough said injector chamber to said nozzle, a liquid,

'means for drawing said liquid from the tank ,of an injectorchamsaidinjector chamber to said nozzle, a liquid,

means for drawing saidliquid from the tank and returning the samethereto through said nozzle, and spirally arranged ribs located in saidnozzle for imparting to the liquid a' 'thereof, of means for impelling aliquid through said nozzle, means for throwing said liquid adjacent thewalls of said nozzle by centrifugal force to form a space adjacent thedischarge end of said nozzle for the accumu lation of the gas drawntherethrough, and means for conveying away the gas accumulating alongthe axis of said nozzle.

9. In a pumping apparatus, the combination of a nozzle, increasing indiameter towardthe discharge end thereof, means for supplying a gaseousfluid at the smaller end of said nozzle, means for circulating a liquidlongitudinally through said nozzle, means for imparting to the liquidpassing through said nozzle a rotary motion whereby the centrifugalforce developed by said motion throws the liquid at the discharge end ofsaid nozzle adjacent the Walls thereof, and forms a space at the centerof said nozzle for the accumulation of gaseous fluid pumpedtherethrough, and means adjacent the discharge end of said nozzle fordrawing off said gaseous fluid.

10. In a pumping apparatus, the combination with a nozzle, of means forforcing a mixture of gas and liquid therethrough, and a flaringseparator arranged adjacent the discharge end of said nozzle forseparating the gaseous fluid from the liquid.

11 In a pumping apparatus, the combination with a nozzle, of means forforcing a mixture of gas and liquid therethrough, and means forimparting a whirling motion to said liquid with respect to said nozzleas it passes therethrough.

12. In a pumping apparatus, the combination with a nozzle, of means forforcing a mixture of gas and liquid therethrough, means for imparting awhirling motion to said liquid with respect to said nozzle as it passestherethrough, and a bell shaped separator converging toward thedischargcend of said nozzle for separating the gas from the liquid.

13. In a pumping apparatus, the'combinw tion with a nozzle, of means forforcing a mixture of gas and liquid therethrough, means for imparting awhirling motion to said liquid with respect to said nozzle as it passestherethrough, a bell shaped separator converging toward the dischargeend of said nozzle and provided with a central passage for conveyingaway the gas concentrated by the nozzle and issuing from the centerthereof.

14. In a pumping apparatus, the combination with a nozzle, of meansforforcing a mixture of gas and liquid therethrough, means for impartinga whirling motion to said liquid with respect to said nozzle as itpasses therethrough, a bell shaped separator converging toward thedischarge end of said nozzle and provided with a central passage forconveying away the gas concentrated by the nozzle and issuing from thecenter thereof, said central passage communicating with an upwardlyextending duct for the gaseous fluid and a downwardly extending duct forany liquid carried by the gas through said central passage.

15. In a pumping apparatus, the combination of an injector, means forcirculating a fixed quantity of liquid through said injector, means forimparting a whirling motion to the liquid as it passes from saidinjector, means for supplying a gaseous fluid to said injector, an meansfor confining the gaseous fluid delivered from said injector.

16. In a pumping apparatus, the combination of a closed storage tank, aninjector adj acent to said tank, a nozzle extending from said injectorinto said tank and provided with spirally arranged internal ribs, meansfor supplying a gaseous fluid to said injector, and means for forcing aliquid fromsaid tank and returning the same thereto through saidinjector.

17. In a pumping apparatus, the combination with a'closed storage tank,of an injector chamber, a nozzle, a gas inlet pipe passing through saidinjector chamber into said nozzle, means for drawing a li uid from saidtank and returning the same t ereto through said nozzle and spirallyarranged ribs located in said nozzle for imparting to the liquid awhirling motion.

18. In a pumping apparatus, the combination with a nozzle, of means forforcin a liquid therethrough, a pipe opening witIiin said nozzle forsupplying a gaseous fluidtherethrough, and a flaring separator arrangedadjacent the discharge end .of said nozzle for separating the gaseousfluid from the liquid.

19. In a pumping apparatus, the combination with a nozzle, of means forforcing a mixture of gas and liquid therethrough, a flaring separatorconverging toward the discharge end of said nozzle for separating thegas from the liquid, and means extending axially and rearwardly fromsaid deflector for supporting the same.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day ofNovember, A. D. 1905.

WILLIAM G. ABBOTT, JR.

Witnesses ALEXANDER PARK, ALsToN B. MoULToN.

